Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu

Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu was born to François du Plessis, seigneur de Richelieu, and Suzanne de La Porte in Paris, France. He was the fourth of five children.

Richelieu, through family connections, becomes the abbot of Saint-Donatien, Nantes, a prestigious position that provides him with significant income and influence.

Richelieu begins his studies in theology at the Collège de Navarre in Paris, preparing for a career in the Church and politics.

Richelieu is elected as a representative of the clergy to the Estates-General, marking his entry into national politics and his first significant public role.

King Louis XIII appoints Richelieu as Secretary of State for War and Foreign Affairs, a position that significantly enhances his political power and influence.

Richelieu is ordained as a priest, a necessary step for his ecclesiastical and political career, further solidifying his position in the Church and state.

King Louis XIII appoints Richelieu as the Chief Minister of France, making him the most powerful man in the kingdom and the architect of French absolutism.

Richelieu leads the siege of La Rochelle, a Protestant stronghold, which lasts for two years and ends in the city's surrender, strengthening royal authority.

Richelieu faces a political crisis known as the Day of the Dupes but manages to survive and maintain his position, demonstrating his political acumen and resilience.

Richelieu convinces King Louis XIII to declare war on Spain, a significant foreign policy decision that aims to reduce Spanish influence in Europe and bolster French power.

Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu dies in Paris, leaving behind a legacy as one of the most influential statesmen in French history, having shaped the foundations of French absolutism.