Pericles

Pericles was born into a prominent and wealthy Athenian family. His father, Xanthippus, was a notable general and politician, and his mother, Agariste, was a member of the powerful Alcmaeonid family.

Pericles received a comprehensive education, studying under the philosophers Damon, Anaxagoras, and Zeno of Elea. These mentors greatly influenced his philosophical and political thinking.

Pericles sponsored the production of Aeschylus' play 'The Persians' at the City Dionysia festival, marking his early involvement in Athenian cultural life and his support for the arts.

Pericles entered Athenian politics, aligning himself with the democratic faction. He quickly gained influence and began challenging the dominant political figures of the time, including Cimon.

Pericles successfully ostracized his political rival, Cimon, from Athens, solidifying his position as a leading figure in the city's democratic government.

Pericles commanded a large Athenian fleet to Thasos, where he successfully suppressed a revolt and strengthened Athens' control over its allies in the Delian League.

Pericles introduced a law restricting Athenian citizenship to those whose parents were both Athenians, reinforcing the city's exclusive identity and social cohesion.

Pericles negotiated the Thirty Years' Peace with Sparta, effectively ending the First Peloponnesian War and bringing a period of relative stability to the region.

Pericles spearheaded the construction of the Parthenon on the Acropolis, a monumental project that symbolized the cultural and political achievements of Athens under his leadership.

The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta began, with Pericles delivering his famous Funeral Oration, which celebrated Athenian democracy and unity.

Pericles died during a devastating plague that swept through Athens, a crisis that severely weakened the city and marked the end of his leadership.