Quick Facts
Maratha King Shivaji: United India, defied Mughals, father of guerrilla warfare.
Conversation Starters
Life Journey
Shivaji Bhonsle was born to Shahaji Bhonsle and Jijabai in the hill-fort of Shivneri, in the present-day state of Maharashtra. His birth marked the beginning of a legendary ruler and military leader.
Shivaji began his early education and military training under the guidance of his mother, Jijabai, and his guardian, Dadoji Konddeo. He learned about warfare, administration, and the importance of religious and cultural values.
At the age of 15, Shivaji captured the Torna Fort from the Bijapur Sultanate, marking his first significant military achievement and the beginning of his campaign to establish a Maratha kingdom.
Shivaji famously defeated and killed Afzal Khan, a renowned general of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, in a daring encounter at Pratapgad Fort. This victory solidified his reputation as a formidable warrior.
Shivaji faced the siege of Panhala Fort by Siddi Johar, a general of the Bijapur Sultanate. Despite being outnumbered, Shivaji managed to escape and regroup his forces, showcasing his strategic acumen.
Shivaji launched a daring raid on the wealthy port city of Surat, which was under Mughal control. The raid was a significant economic blow to the Mughals and highlighted Shivaji's guerrilla warfare tactics.
Under pressure from the Mughal Empire, Shivaji signed the Treaty of Purandar with Mirza Raja Jai Singh. He ceded several forts and agreed to a truce, but this did not stop his ambitions to expand the Maratha kingdom.
Shivaji was invited to Agra by Emperor Aurangzeb under the pretext of a friendly meeting. However, he was placed under house arrest. Shivaji managed to escape in a daring and well-planned operation, returning to Maharashtra.
Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati (emperor) in a grand ceremony at Raigad Fort, officially establishing the Maratha Empire. This event marked the pinnacle of his political and military achievements.
Shivaji Bhonsle died at the age of 50 at Raigad Fort. His death was a significant loss to the Maratha Empire, but his legacy as a visionary leader and military genius continued to inspire generations.