Afonso IV

Afonso IV was born to King Denis of Portugal and Queen Elizabeth of Aragon in Lisbon, Portugal.

Afonso IV spent his early years in the royal court, receiving basic education and cultural training.

Afonso IV began his formal education, studying under the guidance of royal tutors and clerics.

Afonso IV ascends to the throne upon the death of his father, King Denis of Portugal.

Afonso IV marries Beatrice of Castile, strengthening political ties between Portugal and Castile.

Afonso IV leads his first military campaign against the Moors in Algeciras, consolidating Portuguese territory.

Afonso IV signs the Treaty of Windsor, forming a long-lasting alliance with England against Castile.

Afonso IV and Queen Beatrice welcome their first son, Pedro, who will later become King Pedro I.

Afonso IV, allied with Alfonso XI of Castile, defeats the Marinid invasion in the Battle of Rio Salado.

Afonso IV strengthens Portugal's northern borders, securing the kingdom against potential invasions.

Afonso IV implements economic reforms to improve the kingdom's financial stability and trade.

The Black Death reaches Portugal, leading Afonso IV to take measures to mitigate its impact.

Afonso IV establishes diplomatic relations with Castile, aiming to maintain peace and stability.

Afonso IV commissions the construction of several monuments and public works to enhance his legacy.

Afonso IV dies in Lisbon, leaving his son Pedro to succeed him as King Pedro I of Portugal.