Alfonso VIII

Alfonso VIII was born to Sancho III of Castile and Blanche of Navarre in Soria, Castile.

Upon the death of his father, Sancho III, Alfonso VIII ascends to the throne at the age of three, with his mother Blanche of Navarre acting as regent.

Alfonso VIII undergoes a formal ceremony of recognition by the nobles of Castile, solidifying his position as king.

Alfonso VIII marries Eleanor of England, daughter of Henry II of England, strengthening political ties between Castile and England.

Alfonso VIII leads his first military campaign against the Almohads, beginning his lifelong struggle against the Muslim rulers of Spain.

Alfonso VIII suffers a significant defeat at the Battle of Alarcos against the Almohads, losing much of his army and territory.

Following the defeat at Alarcos, Alfonso VIII reorganizes and strengthens the Castilian army, preparing for future campaigns.

Alfonso VIII forms an alliance with Sancho VI of Navarre, enhancing the military and political position of Castile against the Almohads.

Alfonso VIII successfully reconquers the city of Cuenca from the Almohads, marking a significant victory in the Reconquista.

Alfonso VIII defeats the Almohad forces at the Battle of Almenara, further consolidating his gains in the Reconquista.

Alfonso VIII establishes the University of Salamanca, one of the oldest universities in Europe, promoting education and culture in Castile.

Alfonso VIII leads a successful campaign to reconquer the city of Valencia from the Almohads, expanding Castilian territory.

Alfonso VIII wins a decisive victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa against the Almohads, turning the tide of the Reconquista in favor of Christian forces.

Alfonso VIII dies in Toledo, Castile, leaving behind a stronger and more expansive kingdom, and is succeeded by his son, Ferdinand III.