Bonnie Prince Charlie

Charles Edward Stuart, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, was born to James Francis Edward Stuart and Maria Clementina Sobieska in Rome, Italy.

Charlie was baptized in the Catholic faith, which was a significant factor in his later claim to the British throne.

Charlie began his early education in Rome, where he was tutored in languages, history, and military strategy.

At the age of 14, Charlie traveled to France to meet with Jacobite supporters and gain political backing for the Stuart cause.

Charlie began planning the Jacobite uprising to restore the Stuart monarchy to the British throne, securing support from French and Scottish allies.

Charlie landed on the island of Eriskay in the Outer Hebrides, marking the start of the Jacobite uprising of 1745.

Charlie and his Jacobite forces entered Edinburgh, where he was proclaimed King of Scotland, gaining significant support.

Charlie's forces were decisively defeated by the Duke of Cumberland's army at the Battle of Culloden, marking the end of the uprising.

After the defeat at Culloden, Charlie narrowly escaped capture and fled to France, where he continued to seek support for his cause.

Charlie secretly returned to Scotland, but the mission was unsuccessful, and he returned to France without achieving his goals.

Charlie lived in various locations, including Rome and Avignon, where he continued to maintain his claim to the throne and engage in political activities.

Charlie attempted to gain French support for another invasion of Britain but was ultimately unsuccessful in his efforts.

Upon his father's death, Charlie declared himself King Charles III, though his claim was not recognized by the British government.

Charlie married Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, but the marriage was unhappy and ended in separation.

Charlie's relationship with Louise deteriorated, and they separated, with Charlie living a more isolated life in Rome.

Charlie died in Rome, Italy, at the age of 68, his dream of restoring the Stuart monarchy unfulfilled.