Epictetus

Epictetus was born into slavery in Hierapolis, a city in the Roman province of Phrygia, modern-day Turkey.

Epictetus, from a young age, lived as a slave in the household of Epaphroditus, a wealthy freedman and secretary to Emperor Nero.

Epictetus begins his philosophical studies under the Stoic philosopher Musonius Rufus, who influences his thinking and moral development.

Epictetus is granted his freedom by his master, Epaphroditus, allowing him to pursue a life of philosophy and teaching.

Epictetus starts teaching Stoic philosophy in Rome, attracting a growing number of students and admirers.

Emperor Domitian expels philosophers from Rome, forcing Epictetus to relocate to Nicopolis in Greece, where he continues his teachings.

Epictetus founds a philosophical school in Nicopolis, where he teaches Stoic principles and attracts students from various backgrounds.

Epictetus's teachings are recorded by his student Arrian, forming the foundational text known as the 'Discourses,' which expounds on Stoic philosophy.

Arrian compiles a shorter, more accessible version of Epictetus's teachings, known as the 'Enchiridion' or 'Handbook,' summarizing key Stoic principles.

Epictetus is recognized as a leading figure in Stoic philosophy, his teachings influencing many prominent individuals and future generations.

Epictetus adopts the son of a friend who is unable to care for him, demonstrating his commitment to Stoic values of compassion and duty.

Epictetus continues to teach and write, refining his philosophical ideas and expanding the reach of Stoic thought through his students.

Epictetus's reputation draws scholars and philosophers from throughout the Roman Empire, who seek his wisdom and guidance.

In his later years, Epictetus reflects on his life's work and the impact of his teachings, preparing his students for the continuation of his legacy.

Epictetus passes away in Nicopolis, leaving behind a rich legacy of philosophical works and a school that continues to influence Stoic thought.