Henry III

Henry III was born to King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême in Winchester, Hampshire.

At the age of nine, Henry III ascends to the throne after the death of his father, King John, during the First Barons' War.

Henry III is formally crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey, solidifying his position as monarch.

Henry III assumes personal control of the government, ending the regency that had governed England since his accession.

Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence, strengthening alliances with France and bringing stability to the royal court.

Henry III initiates reforms to improve the administration of justice and finance, aiming to stabilize the realm and increase royal authority.

Henry III begins the construction of Westminster Abbey, a grand Gothic church intended to be his burial place and a symbol of his piety.

Henry III faces increasing discontent from the barons, who are dissatisfied with his financial policies and favoritism towards foreign relatives.

Henry III is forced to sign the Provisions of Oxford, which establish a council of barons to oversee the government and limit royal power.

The Second Barons' War erupts, led by Simon de Montfort, who seeks to enforce the Provisions of Oxford and further restrict royal authority.

Henry III and his son, Edward, defeat Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham, restoring royal authority and ending the Second Barons' War.

Henry III signs the Dictum of Kenilworth, which offers terms of reconciliation to the rebels, helping to restore peace in the kingdom.

Henry III supports his son, Edward, in joining the Ninth Crusade, demonstrating his commitment to the Christian cause and his son's leadership.

Henry III dies at Westminster Palace, leaving the throne to his son, Edward I, who will continue to reform and strengthen the kingdom.