Henry IV

Henry of Bolingbroke, later Henry IV, was born to John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster at Bolingbroke Castle.

Upon the death of his father, John of Gaunt, Henry inherits the vast Lancastrian estates and becomes Duke of Lancaster.

Henry joins his cousin, King Richard II, on a military campaign against the Scots, his first taste of military action.

Henry marries Mary de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, strengthening his political alliances.

Henry is elected to the House of Commons and begins his political career, representing his family's interests.

Henry joins the Lords Appellant, a group of nobles who seek to limit King Richard II's power and address grievances.

Henry sets out on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a common practice for nobles seeking spiritual and political legitimacy.

Henry leads a rebellion against King Richard II, deposes him, and is crowned King of England as Henry IV.

Henry and his forces quell the Epiphany Rising, a failed attempt to restore Richard II to the throne.

Henry defeats the forces of the Percy family, led by Henry Percy (Hotspur), at the Battle of Shrewsbury, solidifying his rule.

Henry marries Joan of Navarre, a widow and former Queen of England, to strengthen his political position and alliances.

Henry successfully suppresses the Welsh rebellion led by Owain Glyndŵr, a significant threat to his rule.

Henry plans a crusade to Jerusalem but is unable to carry it out due to domestic and political challenges.

Henry's health begins to decline, affecting his ability to govern and leading to increased political instability.

Henry IV dies at Westminster Palace, leaving the throne to his son, Henry V, and a legacy of securing the Lancastrian claim.