John I

John I, the future King of Portugal, was born to King Peter I and Queen Leonor Telles de Meneses in Lisbon, Portugal.

John began his formal education, receiving instruction in governance, military tactics, and the arts at the Portuguese royal court.

John married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, strengthening ties between Portugal and England.

King Ferdinand I of Portugal died, leading to a succession crisis as his daughter, Beatrice, was married to King John I of Castile.

John, leading the Portuguese army, decisively defeated the Castilian forces at the Battle of Aljubarrota, securing Portugal's independence.

John was crowned King of Portugal, marking the beginning of the House of Aviz and a new era of Portuguese independence and expansion.

John founded the Order of Christ, a military and religious order aimed at promoting exploration and Christian values.

John and Philippa's son, Prince Henry, later known as Henry the Navigator, was born, destined to play a crucial role in the Age of Discovery.

Under John's patronage, Portuguese explorers began to explore and settle the Canary Islands, marking the beginning of Portugal's overseas expansion.

John led the successful conquest of Ceuta, a strategic port in North Africa, expanding Portuguese influence and opening new trade routes.

John established a formal Portuguese navy, enhancing Portugal's maritime capabilities and defending its expanding territories.

John's wife, Queen Philippa of Lancaster, died, leaving a profound impact on the king and the court.

John continued to support his son, Prince Henry, in his explorations and maritime expeditions, laying the groundwork for future discoveries.

John reinforced diplomatic ties with England, ensuring continued support and alliance through treaties and negotiations.

King John I of Portugal died, leaving a legacy of independence, exploration, and strong governance, marking the end of a transformative reign.