Petrus Sabbatius was born to a peasant family. His uncle Justin would later adopt him.

His uncle Justin, a rising military commander, brought him to the capital for education and advancement.

Received excellent education in jurisprudence, theology, and Roman history under leading scholars.

Justin I became emperor. Justinian became his most trusted advisor and heir apparent.

Married Theodora, a former actress. She would become his most influential advisor and co-ruler.

Became sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire after Justin I's death. Began ambitious reform program.

Published the first part of his legal code, systematizing a millennium of Roman law.

Belisarius won decisive victory at Dara against the Sasanian Empire. Brief peace followed.

Massive urban revolt nearly toppled him. Theodora convinced him to stay and fight. 30,000 killed.

Began rebuilding Hagia Sophia after riots destroyed it. Would become architectural masterpiece.

Completed the Digest, compiling opinions of classical Roman jurists into coherent legal system.

Belisarius conquered the Vandal Kingdom in just one year. Africa returned to Roman rule.

Dedicated the rebuilt Hagia Sophia. Reportedly said: 'Solomon, I have surpassed you.'

Belisarius captured Ravenna, defeating the Ostrogoths. Italy briefly reunited with the Empire.

The Plague of Justinian devastated the empire. Justinian himself fell ill but recovered.

Empress Theodora died of cancer. Justinian mourned deeply and never remarried.

Died after 38-year reign. Left transformed empire but also depleted treasury and exhausted armies.

His Corpus Juris Civilis became the foundation of legal systems throughout Europe and beyond.