Quick Facts
The last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom who successfully defended Egypt against the Sea Peoples invasion. His military victories preserved Egyptian civilization for another century.
Conversation Starters
Life Journey
Born as the son of Pharaoh Setnakhte, founder of the 20th Dynasty. Named after the great Ramesses II to invoke the glory of Egypt's golden age.
Began rigorous military training as crown prince, learning tactics, chariot warfare, and leadership skills essential for defending Egypt.
Married his principal wife Iset Ta-Hemdjert, who would bear him several children including future pharaohs.
Officially designated as heir to the throne by his father Setnakhte, beginning to participate in state affairs.
Ascended to the throne upon his father's death. Adopted the throne name Usermaatre Meryamun, beginning a 31-year reign.
Defeated a major Libyan invasion from the west, capturing thousands of prisoners and securing Egypt's western border.
Engaged the Sea Peoples coalition in a decisive land battle in Canaan, stopping their advance toward Egypt. A confederation of Peleset, Tjeker, Shekelesh, Denyen, and Weshesh was defeated.
Achieved a crushing naval victory over the Sea Peoples at the Nile Delta. Egyptian archers on ships and shore decimated the enemy fleet, saving Egypt from invasion.
Repelled another Libyan invasion, defeating the Meshwesh and Libu tribes. Over 2,000 enemies were killed and many captured.
Began construction of his massive mortuary temple at Medinet Habu, decorated with detailed reliefs of his military victories.
Led a campaign into Syria to reassert Egyptian influence in the region, though Egypt's power was already declining.
Egypt faced severe economic difficulties, with treasury depleted from military campaigns and building projects.
Workers at the royal necropolis went on strike due to unpaid wages - the first recorded labor strike in history. This revealed the empire's economic decline.
Celebrated his Sed festival (jubilee), marking 30 years of reign with grand ceremonies despite economic troubles.
A conspiracy led by secondary wife Tiye to assassinate the pharaoh and place her son Pentawer on the throne was discovered.
Ramesses III died, possibly from assassination wounds. Modern CT scans revealed his throat was cut. He was buried in tomb KV11 in the Valley of the Kings.
