Michel Eyquem de Montaigne was born into a wealthy merchant family recently ennobled. He would become the inventor of the personal essay and a major Renaissance philosopher.

His father ensured he learned Latin as his first language, with household servants speaking only Latin to him. This unusual education shaped his classical learning.

Attended the prestigious College de Guyenne in Bordeaux, one of the best schools in France. He studied rhetoric, philosophy, and classical languages.

Began his career as a councillor in the Bordeaux Parliament. He served in the judiciary for thirteen years while developing his philosophical interests.

Began his famous friendship with fellow magistrate Etienne de La Boetie. This intense intellectual friendship profoundly influenced his life and thought.

La Boetie died of plague, devastating Montaigne. He later wrote that this friendship was the most important relationship of his life.

Married Francoise de La Chassaigne. They had six daughters, only one of whom survived to adulthood. His essays rarely mention his wife.

Upon his father's death, inherited the Chateau de Montaigne and the title. He would make the tower library his retreat for writing.

Retired from public life to his chateau to read, think, and write. He had an inscription made celebrating his retirement to liberty, tranquility, and leisure.

Published the first two books of his 'Essais', inventing a new literary form. The personal essay allowed him to explore any subject through his own experience.

Traveled through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy seeking cure for kidney stones. His travel journal reveals his curiosity about different customs and beliefs.

Elected Mayor of Bordeaux while still traveling. He served two terms, navigating the dangerous religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants.

Published a greatly expanded edition of the Essays including Book III. His famous essay 'Of Experience' appeared in this edition.

Died at his chateau during Mass. His Essays influenced Shakespeare, Pascal, Emerson, and countless others. He is considered the father of modern skepticism and the personal essay.