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Philip II

Philip II

King

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Quick Facts

Expansion of Macedon
Father of Alexander the Great
Laid the foundation for the Macedonian Empire

His son conquered the worldโ€”but Philip built the army that made it possible. The father's genius laid the foundation for Alexander's glory.

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Life Journey

382 BCBorn in Pella, Macedonia

Philip II was born to Amyntas III and Eurydice I in Pella, the capital of Macedonia.

370 BCSent to Thebes as a hostage

Philip was sent to Thebes as a hostage, where he received a thorough education in military and political affairs.

365 BCReturns to Macedonia

Philip returned to Macedonia after the death of his older brother, Alexander II, and began to gain influence in the court.

359 BCBecomes Regent for his infant nephew

Philip became regent for his infant nephew, Amyntas IV, after the death of his brother Perdiccas III in battle against the Illyrians.

359 BCAssumes the throne of Macedonia

Philip II assumed the throne of Macedonia, solidifying his power and beginning his reign as king.

358 BCMarries Olympias

Philip married Olympias of Epirus, strengthening an alliance and securing the birth of his future heir, Alexander the Great.

357 BCConquers Amphipolis and Pydna

Philip II conquered the strategic cities of Amphipolis and Pydna, expanding Macedonian control over the region.

356 BCAlexander the Great is born

Philip's son, Alexander, was born to Olympias, marking the beginning of a lineage that would change the course of history.

355 BCCaptures Potidaea and Methone

Philip II captured the cities of Potidaea and Methone, further extending Macedonian dominance in the Aegean region.

352 BCDefeats the Phocians at the Battle of Crocus Field

Philip II decisively defeated the Phocians at the Battle of Crocus Field, solidifying his reputation as a formidable military leader.

348 BCConquers Olynthus and Chalcidice

Philip II conquered the Chalcidian League, including the city of Olynthus, expanding Macedonian territory further into northern Greece.

346 BCBecomes Hegemon of the Thessalian League

Philip II was recognized as the Hegemon (leader) of the Thessalian League, enhancing his influence in central Greece.

343 BCHires Aristotle to tutor Alexander

Philip II hired the philosopher Aristotle to tutor his son, Alexander, ensuring a comprehensive education for the future king.

338 BCWins the Battle of Chaeronea

Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea, solidifying Macedonian dominance over Greece.

337 BCForms the League of Corinth

Philip II formed the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek city-states under Macedonian leadership, paving the way for future conquests.

336 BCAssassinated at the wedding of his daughter

Philip II was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis at the wedding of his daughter, Cleopatra, to Alexander I of Epirus.

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