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Thutmose III

Thutmose III

Pharaoh

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Quick Facts

Battle of Megiddo
Military Campaigns
Temple Construction

Egypt's warrior pharaoh who led seventeen military campaigns, expanding the empire to its greatest territorial extent and earning the title 'Napoleon of Egypt'.

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Life Journey

1481 BCBorn as Royal Heir

Thutmose III was born to Pharaoh Thutmose II and a secondary wife named Iset. Despite his non-royal mother, he was recognized as heir to the throne and groomed for future kingship.

1479 BCBecame Pharaoh as Child

Upon his father's death, Thutmose III became pharaoh at approximately two years old. Due to his young age, his stepmother Hatshepsut served as regent, eventually declaring herself pharaoh.

1474 BCTemple Education Begins

Young Thutmose received religious education in the temple of Amun at Karnak. He was trained as a priest, learning sacred rituals and developing the piety that would mark his reign.

1469 BCMilitary Training Commences

Thutmose began intensive military training, learning chariot warfare, archery, and strategic planning. These skills would later make him Egypt's greatest military commander.

1459 BCDeath of Hatshepsut

After over two decades of co-regency, Hatshepsut died, finally allowing Thutmose III to rule independently. He immediately began preparations for military campaigns into the Levant.

1458 BCBattle of Megiddo

Thutmose III won his most famous victory at Megiddo, defeating a coalition of Canaanite kings. His bold decision to take a narrow mountain pass surprised the enemy and secured a decisive triumph.

1456 BCSecond Syrian Campaign

Led his second campaign into Syria, capturing coastal cities and establishing Egyptian dominance. These campaigns would continue annually, systematically expanding the empire.

1451 BCCrossing the Euphrates

Thutmose III crossed the Euphrates River to invade Mitanni, Egypt's rival power. He erected a victory stela on the river's banks, marking the greatest extent of Egyptian military reach.

1448 BCNaval Victory at Arvad

Achieved a major naval victory capturing the island fortress of Arvad. This demonstrated his mastery of combined land and sea operations, securing Phoenician ports for Egypt.

1446 BCEighth Campaign Success

Captured the strategically vital city of Kadesh in his eighth campaign. This victory secured Egyptian control over crucial trade routes and weakened Mitanni influence.

1441 BCTemple Expansion at Karnak

Began major expansion of the Temple of Amun at Karnak, including the Festival Hall. His building program rivaled his military achievements in scope and ambition.

1436 BCMarriage to Merytre-Hatshepsut

Married Merytre-Hatshepsut, who would become his Great Royal Wife and mother of the future Amenhotep II. She played an important role in palace politics.

1431 BCSeventeenth and Final Campaign

Conducted his seventeenth and final military campaign, a punitive expedition into Nubia. By this time, his empire stretched from the Euphrates to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile.

1429 BCCoregency with Amenhotep II

Appointed his son Amenhotep II as co-regent to ensure smooth succession. The prince was trained in military arts and prepared for the responsibilities of kingship.

1427 BCBotanical Garden Creation

Created a unique botanical garden at Karnak featuring exotic plants and animals from his campaigns. This 'botanical room' demonstrates his intellectual curiosity beyond warfare.

1425 BCDeath in Thebes

Thutmose III died after a reign of nearly 54 years, including the co-regency with Hatshepsut. He was buried in the Valley of the Kings, leaving behind Egypt's greatest empire.