木戶孝允

Born as Katsura Kogoro into a physician's family in Choshu Domain. His father's medical practice exposed him to Western learning from an early age, shaping his later openness to foreign ideas and modernization.

Traveled to Edo to study Western military techniques and swordsmanship. Became renowned as one of the finest swordsmen in Japan, earning the nickname 'Kogoro of the Sword.'

Emerged as a leading figure in Choshu's reform movement. His combination of martial prowess and political acumen made him invaluable to the domain's anti-shogunate faction.

Became deeply involved in the 'Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians' movement. Worked to unite anti-shogunate forces while navigating the dangerous political landscape of Kyoto.

Narrowly escaped the Ikedaya Incident where Shinsengumi forces attacked loyalist samurai. His survival was crucial for the continuation of the anti-shogunate movement.

Negotiated the secret Satsuma-Choshu Alliance with Saigo Takamori, mediated by Sakamoto Ryoma. This alliance united Japan's two most powerful domains against the shogunate.

Played the principal role in drafting the Charter Oath, the foundational document of the Meiji government. Its five articles established principles of deliberative assemblies and modernization.

Emerged as one of the three most powerful figures in the new Meiji government alongside Saigo Takamori and Okubo Toshimichi. Adopted the name Kido Takayoshi.

Joined the Iwakura Mission as a senior member, traveling extensively in America and Europe. The experience reinforced his belief in gradual, constitutional reform.

Sided with Okubo in opposing the proposed invasion of Korea, believing Japan needed to focus on internal development before foreign adventures.

Began advocating strongly for constitutional government and a national assembly. His moderate approach often put him at odds with more authoritarian colleagues.

Participated in the Osaka Conference that temporarily reunited the Meiji leadership. Secured agreement on gradual constitutional development.

His health began to deteriorate seriously due to tuberculosis. Despite illness, continued to advocate for his political principles.

Deeply grieved by the Satsuma Rebellion and the death of his former ally Saigo Takamori. The conflict between old comrades weighed heavily on his failing health.

Died on May 26, 1877, reportedly calling out Saigo's name in his final moments. His vision of constitutional government would be realized in the Meiji Constitution of 1889.